Memproses dengan mengirim dan menerima kriteria berdasarkan prinsip akrual

Management of receivables and sales on a shipping basis

In Indonesia's auto parts industry, in some cases, provisional receivables (A/R Accrued) and sales, purchases and provisional liabilities (A/P Accrued) are recorded in the month the transaction occurs, and the current month's income statement (P/L) and balance sheet (B/S) are prepared.

The invoice is only a unit of age management (aging) of billing and payment and is only a unit of money movement.

At the end of the month here, the sales are listed on the P/L on an accrual basis, and the unrealized receivables, A/R Accrued, are listed in the assets section on the B/S, but are only listed in the ledger (G/L) of the accounting system and are not yet recognized as receivables (A/R).

When the invoice is issued the following month, the A/R Accrued balance on the G/L is written off by transferring it to the A/R account in the accounting system's receivables management.

Debt and purchase management on a receiving basis

It would be unfair if the debt was not also recorded on a receiving basis, rather than on a shipping basis.

Similarly, at the end of the month, purchases are listed on the P/L on an accrual basis, and A/P Accrued, which is an unrealized liability, is listed in the liabilities section on the B/S, but is only listed on the G/L of the accounting system and is not yet recognized as a liability (A/P).

When the invoice arrives the following month, the A/P Accrued balance on the G/L is written off by transferring it to the A/P account in the debt management of the accounting system.

How to link the ERP system to the accounting system

The shipping and receiving processes are input from the ERP system's purchasing and sales management, but the above accounting journals must be generated at the date the transaction occurs and interfaced to G/L or A/R A/P management.

Unit of journalization at the time of receiving and shipping

At the time of arrival (at the time of shipment), the invoice has not yet arrived (issued) and all you have is the delivery order (D/O), so you need to input the delivery order number (D/O Number) as a key item to search the arrival information (shipment information) to link with A/P (A/R) when the invoice arrives (at the time of issuance).

At the time of arrival (shipment), journal entries for unrealized claims and liabilities (A/R Accrued and A/P Accrued) are generated, but the unit of journal entries depends on whether the accounting system may or may not have an item code.

When the accounting system issues an invoice, the unit is "details".

Normally, one invoice corresponds to multiple arrivals (shipments), so it lists only the records with the status interfaced as unrealized liabilities (receivables) in G/L among the arrivals (shipments) details of each part number previously entered in the ERP system, checks them against the arriving (issued) invoice details, and enters the invoice NO to the correct records.

Here, the data is interfaced to the receivables and payables (A/R A/P) management, and the balance of the unrealized liabilities (receivables) on the G/L is written off, but as long as the balance is set to zero, the unit of data to be interfaced does not have to be the same as the unit of arrival (shipment).

Accrual accounting and the meaning of invoice dates

Currently, VAT applications in Indonesia are done online in e-Faktur, so there is no longer a need to develop a Faktur pajak form layout in the production management and accounting systems, but instead, there is a need to think about how to integrate selling and buying data into e-Faktur.

In case of Indonesia domestic transaction, the month of Faktur pajak date should be the same as the month of invoice date, but this means that the month of tax processing is based on the invoice date, which is only a rule to facilitate the tax processing.

Therefore, if the shipment and delivery by domestic supplier crosses months, the purchase may be recorded at the beginning of the current month, even if the invoice date is the last day of the previous month, based on the principle of accrual basis of accounting.

The invoice is just a unit of money billing, and it is not necessary to account for purchases or sales based on the date of the invoice, but the invoice is just a document that delimits the deadline for payment of a large unit of billing.

Differences between the delivery date and invoice date for domestic transactions

There are two common cases in domestic transactions where the delivery date is different from the month of the invoice date in which the leg from shipment to delivery is short

This is only a difference in the circumstances of the supplier, and both events are the same for the company, and the tax treatment is based on the invoice date, so the VAT journal should be recorded in June.

Purchases are recorded in July when they are shipped & delivered from the supplier, based on the accrual basis.

Difference between invoice date and delivery due to import

The greatest significance of recording the invoice as undelivered goods at the time of arrival is to recognize and manage the inventory on board in accounting, but if your company records sales at the time of shipment based on the principle of accrual, it may not be fair if you don't record purchases at the time of shipment from the supplier as well.

However, it would be unfair to record the purchase according to the supplier's shipment for transactions that have a long time to arrive, such as imports.

As soon as it arrived in Indonesia on July 15, the undelivered goods were transferred to the purchase account.